Are you dealing with a database where you need to query every table, but you’re not keen on writing out individual SELECT statements for each one? Microsoft SQL Server offers a solution through dynamic SQL and cursors, enabling you to automate the process efficiently. Let’s delve into how you can achieve this.
Dynamic SQL
Dynamic SQL refers to generating SQL statements dynamically at runtime. It allows you to construct SQL statements based on variables or conditions, offering flexibility in query generation.
Cursors
Cursors in SQL Server are database objects used to retrieve data row by row, which is particularly useful when you need to iterate through a result set or perform operations on each row individually.
Combining Dynamic SQL and Cursors
We can harness the power of dynamic SQL and cursors to iterate through all tables in a database and execute a SELECT statement for each table.
Here’s how you can do it in Microsoft SQL Server:
DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(255)
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)
— Declare a cursor to loop through all table names
DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT name
FROM sys.tables
— Open the cursor
OPEN TableCursor
— Fetch the first table name from the cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName
— Start looping through tables
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
— Build the dynamic SQL statement
SET @SQL = ‘SELECT * FROM ‘ + QUOTENAME(@TableName)
— Execute the dynamic SQL
EXEC sp_executesql @SQL
— Fetch the next table name
FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName
END
— Close and deallocate the cursor
CLOSE TableCursor
DEALLOCATE TableCursor
Also: Find the Common Number for the Numerator and the Denominator T-SQL
Explanation
– We declare a cursor (`TableCursor`) to loop through all table names retrieved from the `sys.tables` system catalog view.
– Inside the loop, we construct a dynamic SQL statement to select all columns from the current table.
– The dynamic SQL statement is executed using `sp_executesql`.
– The cursor continues fetching the next table name until all tables have been processed.
By leveraging dynamic SQL and cursors in Microsoft SQL Server, you can streamline the process of querying multiple tables within a database. This approach not only saves time and effort but also enhances the automation capabilities of your database queries. So next time you find yourself needing to query every table in a SQL Server database, remember this efficient method at your disposal.
Source code download: https://github.com/chanmmn/database/tree/main/2024/script/LoopAllDatabaseTables?WT.mc_id=DP-MVP-36769
Reference: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/declare-cursor-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16?WT.mc_id=DP-MVP-36769